King Victor Emanuel II of Italy
(1820-1878)

As ruler of Piedmont, Victor Emanuel worked with Cavour to create a united Italian state under Piedmontese leadership. The mutual respect between the king and Garibaldi reconciled many republicans to the monarchy, and Victor Emanuel's moderation and good sense were an important factor in establishing the new state. After 1870, the Italian parliament gained strength at the expense of the monarchy but Victor Emanuel continued to exercise considerable authority, especially in foreign affairs. His visits to Germany and Austria in 1873 reduced the tension caused by Franco-Italian hostility and his personal regard for the pope moderated the influence of anti-clericalism. The king attracted an emotional loyalty from his subjects that was not accorded to his successors.

He died in Rome on 9 January 1878.